为您找到与运动会加油稿致拉阿拉队3篇 演讲稿英文相关的共200个结果:
在运动会上,啦啦队长身材不错,拉拉队员嗓门不错。下面读文网小编整理了运动会加油稿致拉阿拉队3篇,供你参考。
你是花丛中的一片绿
有了你
花儿才变得更加娇艳美丽
有了你
雕像才高昂的耸立
你是石雕像下的奠基石
你是大海里涌起的排浪
你是沙场上的猎猎战旗
嗓子早已喊哑
激情仍在传递
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运动会加油稿汇总15篇
随着社会一步步向前发展,能够利用到加油稿的场合越来越多,加油稿可以促进对方完成目标的进程。写加油稿的注意事项有许多,你确定会写吗?以下是小编为大家收集的高中运动会加油稿,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
无言歌
潮起潮落
一生也可以就这样慢慢度过
当你回忆往事的时候
当你的船泊在那小港湾
当风拂落,日将落未落
你可以无怨无悔
固你用心谱成了不朽的无言歌
我愿意是树--致田径运动员
我愿意是树
拦截风儿
将它的力量积蓄
把你推向冲刺的地方
我愿意的树
努力地生长
让枝叶生长
让枝叶变得繁茂
把你的炎热化作清凉
我愿意是树
伴随着微风
发出"沙沙"的的声响把你的永恒的体育精神赞扬
真实的你
你爱这自由新鲜土地上的空气
你爱这青春的梦想
你爱这神圣的瞬间,对幸福的眺望
你一屁股坐到太阳晒烤的台阶上,
你感受这燃烧着的生命所具有的升沉和震动, 宁可做流浪汉,
也了愿睡在表层的体面和虚荣中。 可能你受到过别人的嘲讽
但你拥有的是真诚的人生
即使走着错路,也在庸人的头顶上面。--勇敢一点,我永远的真实的你而喝彩。
欢乐情怀
这密密麻麻的记分册
是窃走信心的小偷
它的魔爪
将无数个烈日骄阳下
无数个不眠之夜
变成了泡影
然而
掩盖不住的男子气概
又带来了青春的欢乐情怀
无论欢乐多或少
那总是一次公平的考验
不管沉与浮
终究总是同一目标
生命的选择--致女运动员
面对羞涩,你选择了勇气
面对柔弱,你选择了坚强
面对娴淑和干练,你选择了两者兼备 勇气更添你一丝羞色
坚强演绎你柔弱的人生
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一年一度的学校秋季运动会很快就要到来了,同学们你们做好准备了?读文网小编为大家整理了学校学校秋季运动会加油稿,欢迎大家阅读。
[致长跑运动员]
有的路很长,它的长度却足够丈量,
有的路很短,却难以计算它有多长,
然而,你脚下的路,究竟会伸向何方?
我知道的,仅是你一直在拼搏,
路长,苦难心血时光,撒一路汗水,收不尽希望。
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生活中与人交往,总免不了进行自我介绍。该怎么用英语进行自我介绍?下面是读文网小编为大家整理的简短的自我介绍英文演讲稿,仅供参考。
Hello~~!
My name is***.Thank you for giving me a chance for the interview.My basic materials are on the resume, do not need to explain it again。I will make a brief introduce on my job advantage and my value here.Working on administrative jobs for many years make me realize the importance of the secretarial job deeply. I like the job very much.In my opinion, the secretarial jobs are common but very important.It representes the image of a company. If someone want to do will in a job ,he or she must posesses a extreme strong sense of responsibility .I am willing to accompany with your company's development and progress. Your trust and my capability will bring us success ! Thanks!
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演讲时间限制为3分钟,你要怎么利用这3分钟呢?读文网小编为大家整理了3分钟的七年级英文演讲稿4篇,欢迎大家阅读。
As the song goes “ My future isn’t a dream .” I love the song which brings me confidence when singing it every time . I believe that all our dreams can come true if we have courage to pursue them .When I was young my father always asked me what I would be in the future . Sometimes I found it very hard to give a certain reply . “ I want to be a doctor .” “ I want to be a teacher .” and “ I ’d like to be a scientist !” Many of these answers are perhaps very childish and ridiculous . But I never think they are far away .
How time flies! Who is able to give a definition to his future ? I know clearly that those high buildings are based on solid foundation . As a student , I should have a reasonable aim , and study hard . My goal is to enter the best university for further study after middle school . I know it’s hard work , and I ’ll come across many difficulties and frustrations . But no matter what they are , I’ll keep working on it and never give up . My teacher says there ’s only one kind of people that are truly successful : those who are brave enough to put up with hardships . Even if I won’t achieve the goal , I have no regrets for what I have done , for I have struggled for my life .
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大一新生之间交流的开始就是自我介绍,用英文做自我介绍也是自己的一个特长的表现。下面是读文网小编为大家整理的大一新生英文自我介绍演讲稿,仅供参考。
Good morning, my name is jack, which is indeed a great honor to have the opportunity to interview, I would like to answer you may increase and I hope I can become a good performance today, the final register for the prestigious The University in September. Now I will briefly introduce myself, I am 21 years old, born in Heilongjiang Province, northeast of China, I curruently senior students in Beijing are mainly two uni.my packaging engineering.and I received my bachelor's degree, I graduated june.in the past four years, I spent most of my time to learn, I have been through CET4 / 6, so as to alleviate. I have a basic knowledge of the packaging and publication in the theory and practice.
In addition, I also took part in some of the packaging exhibition held in Beijing, which is our advantage here to learn, I have taken to visit a number of large factories and companies. Through these I have a profound understanding of the domestic packaging industry. Compared to developed countries, such as us, unfortunately, although we have made remarkable progress since 1978, China's packaging industry is still underdeveloped, chaos and instability, which the staff in this regard The awkard. But I have full confidence in a brighter future, if only we can maintain the economic growth pace still.
I think you might be interested in the reasons for itch in accordance with the law, what is my plan during graduate study life, I have to tell you that my life-long pursuit of legal pursuit of the goal, I think I have a major packaging and I won "t give up If I can continue my master's degree, I will combine law with my education predecessor. I will work hard in the thesefields, patents, trademarks, copyrights, and on that basis I have many years of research department of p & P, my character ? I can not describe, but I know that I am very optimistic and self-confidence. Sometimes I prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but I do not lonely, I like to chat with my fellow students, almost all the talking, my favorite Pastime is valleyball, playing cards or surf the Web. University through life, I learned how to balance learning and entertainment. By the way, I am an actor of our amazing drama club. I have a few glorious memory on stage. This is my pride.
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运动会是对体育健身的最好的诠释。那校长在学校运动会开幕式上该讲些什么呢?读文网小编为大家整理了学校运动会开幕式校长演讲稿,欢迎大家阅读。
同学们、老师们:
大家上午好!
在这个充满活力和热情的季节,我们欢聚在绿茵场上,迎来了复旦大学第48届田径运动会暨第11届教工运动会。这是全校师生的一次体育运动盛会。在这里,我代表学校,对本届运动会的召开表示热烈的祝贺!
过去的一年,我校体育工作取得了新的进展,群众性体育活动蓬勃开展,竞技体育成绩优异,体育教学改革不断推进。2006年,我校荣获“上海市2002-2006年度群众体育先进集体”,并被教育部评为贯彻《学校体育工作条例》典型学校。这些都是对我校体育工作成绩的肯定。
同学们,老师们!健康是人类最大的幸福。毛泽东同志早就提出了“健康第一”的指导思想。没有健康的身心,一切都无从谈起;没有强健的体魄,“服务祖国人民、实现个人价值”就是一句空话。因此,健康既是个人的最大利益,也是民族的最大利益。要健康,就要加强锻炼,就要重视体育工作。今年四月,中共中央政治局召开会议,专题研究了青少年体育工作,这充分体现了党和国家对青少年体育工作的关心和重视。
体育工作是全面推进素质教育的一项重要内容,是学校工作不可缺少的一部分。积极参与体育活动,不仅能强身健体、舒张身心,还能陶冶人的情操,培养团队合作精神,锻炼意志品质。广泛开展群众性体育活动,对于促进学生的全面发展,增强师生体质,对于推动我校体育事业发展,丰富校园文化生活,都将起到积极的作用。
一年一度的校运会是我校发展体育运动、实施素质教育的一次重要活动,是对全校体育运动水平的一次检阅,也是进一步动员广大师生积极参与全民体育健身活动的一次契机。为了我们的健康,为了更好地为祖国和人民服务,我希望全校师生都能运动起来,到操场上,到体育馆内,到健身房里,到一切可以运动的地方,积极参与各种体育健身活动。希望我们的校园形成一种人人参与、个个争先、生龙活虎、生机勃勃的体育运动氛围。学校也将为师生参与体育运动创造更好的环境,并让体育设施最大限度地为师生服务。
同学们,老师们!体育竞赛的魅力很大程度上在于它既充满挑战又崇尚公平。我相信,全体运动员一定会本着“重在参与”的奥林匹克精神,争取更快、更高、更强,努力赛出风格、赛出水平,争取运动成绩和精神文明的双丰收。
最后,预祝本次运动会取得圆满成功,预祝各位选手取得优异的成绩!
谢谢大家。
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自我介绍是相互结识、树立自我形象的重要手段及方法。自我介绍也是学问社交场合重要的环节。小学六年级在一分钟内怎么用英语介绍自己?下面是读文网小编为大家整理的六年级1分钟自我介绍英文演讲稿,仅供参考。
My name is .I am years old .I like learning English very much ,because English can enjoy myself in my live and I can talk with foreigners in English. My hobby is swimming in summer and reading book.this is me! thank you! i hope you can know better about me,thank you!
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人们对交往中对方的第一个印象,往往是难以忘怀的,因此,自我介绍常常关系到交际的成败。大学新生该怎么用英语介绍自己?下面是读文网小编为大家整理的大一新生优秀英文自我介绍演讲稿,仅供参考。
My name is xxx from beautiful "jiangbei city"-liaocheng. Now study in hometown of Confucius-qufu normal university. My personality stable, also do not break again cheerful. Good at making friends, make more friends. My hobby is widespread: listen to music, photography, playing computer, of course, the most like or physical exercise,basketball, ping pong, football, and so on, this is why I choose the cause of professional sports.
Now in college, I want to in the university study hard, and actively participate in school activities and occasionally to doa part-time job. As for the future, after four years I may continue my professional, use professional knowledge to find work,perhaps I will choose my own business. In a word, I will use my hands and ability to create life without regret.
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加油站站长的竞聘演讲稿怎么写呢?读文网小编为大家整理了竞聘加油站站长的演讲稿5篇,欢迎大家阅读。
各位领导、各位评委:
你们好!
二十五年的辛苦工作,历尽坎坷,但也硕果累累,我把人生中最宝贵的青春献给了我衷爱的石油事业,我见证了鹤峰片区由弱到强、由松散到规范中的每次变革。变革中我曾迷惑过、也曾深深的不解过,我一次又一次的思考,做为一名老职工,老站长,我该怎么办?最后我想通了,只有通过学习,再学习,更新观念,奋发上进。面对这一次脱胎换骨的真正竞聘,我不再犹豫,决定抓住机遇,开辟我人生的第二次创业,今天,我竞聘的加油站是鹤峰最大的容美站。
我的口号是:实践自我,再创辉煌!
我来自一线,多年从事加油工作,20__年出生,高中文化,中共党员,自83年从部队复员到石油公司工作,二十四年来,从事油库计量员、加油站计量员、润滑油门市、液化气站站长、白鹤加油站站长、容美加油站长。几年来被省,州公司评为优秀加油站站长,我深信凭借我丰富的工作经验和成熟老练的办事能力,力争赢得胜利,取得成功。下面是我如何开展工作的几点想法:
#p#副标题#e#
一、稳定客户,做大销量。容美加油站搬迁新开业,中油云南庄加油站已开业一年,相距不远,油价的优势和促销的方式将直接冲击到我站的销量、削弱我们的市场、抢走我站的客户。将面临一场激烈的竞争,容美站将做好以下工作,1、落实五项便民措施,推行容美茶水服务,形成员工与顾客浓浓茶水情。2、建立用户会员制,长期会员,资源紧张时想受优先权。3、发放救援联系卡,帮助联系修车,送配件,送润滑油,解决用户困难。4、抓住资源,在中油脱销时抓好服务,做好宣传争取用户,5、了解对方的经营情况,准确掌握对方销售节奏,做到心中有数。6、建立客户视像档案,做到人车合一。依托容美站可开展多元化服务的硬件优势,特色服务,亲情服务,在公司给予的权限内,最大限度的为他们提供优质服务,洗车服务、加水,检查轮胎,依托市场调研、电话联系、登门拜访等方式,做到客户的信息及时更新,客户的需求及时回应,客户的抱怨及时处理,形成紧密、牢固、友好、和谐的客户关系。走访大客户,特别是菜坡煤矿运输车队,鑫新矿业公司,物流公司,反季节蔬菜运输老板,大型矿山机械。应尽快把这部分用户聚拢起来,力保市场不失,做大销量。
二、强化服务,严格管理。在市场竞争如此激烈的今天,及时导入现代营销理念,以人为本,强化意识,优质服务,加油站员工使用文明服务用语,礼貌迎送,规范服务,编写日常考评细则,每日组织单人服务考评,改24小时工作制为8小时工作制,实行站长长期值班制,确保住站率85%。工资二次分配,实行升油工资+考评积分的新办法,提高全站职工的工作积极性,打破吃大锅饭的旧分配体制。
三、抓规范化服务,树品牌效应。加油站是中石化对外的形象窗口,规范化服务的好坏,直接影响到整个公司形象。为此规范化服务对加油站的形象来说是十分重要,抓好规范服务,就等于抓住了品牌效益。抓规范化服务要从细微、点滴入手、从着装、站容、站貌、服务用语着手,要求每个员工牢记“引、问、开、加、盖、擦、唱、送”八个字,并能分细每步操作程序,按章严格操作。规范员工的行体动作,同时要求员工做到三个“一点”,对用户热情一点,服务周到一点和耐心一点,给客户一个好的环境,好的心情,让他们感受到一种回家的温馨,让他们真正体会到在中石化加油站花钱不仅是买到了油品,而且还买到了上呈的服务。让司机们走了想回来,来了不想走,确保司机回头率100%、油箱加满率100%。
谢谢大家!
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紧张又刺激的校运会结束了,读文网小编为大家整理了学校田径运动会闭幕式上的演讲稿3篇,欢迎大家阅读。
尊敬的各位老师、亲爱的同学们:
为期一天半的田径运动会,在组委会的精心组织下,经过全体工作人员、裁判员的辛勤工作和全体运动员的奋力拼搏,已经顺利完成了各项比赛。
在此,我代表运动会组委会和学校领导向取得优异成绩的运动员和班级致以热烈的祝贺!对为运动会顺利进行付出辛勤努力的全体工作人员、裁判员老师表示衷心的感谢!
这次运动会开得紧张、热烈、紧凑、顺利,运动场内,运动员们比技术、比力量、比毅力,运动场外,观众们比纪律、比爱心、比服务;这次运动会不但赛出了水平,振奋了精神,更重要的是通过运动会凝聚了我们的团队精神,展示了我们集体的力量!
我真诚的希望通过本次运动会我们每个人都将能以更大的热情和信心投入到自己的工作、学习和生活中,让我们从这里起步,走向学习、生活的大赛场,用我们顽强的拼搏精神和过人的心理素质去迎接新的挑战,共同创造我校辉煌的未来!
最后,祝老师们工作顺利,万事如意!祝同学们学习进步,身体健康!预祝全校师生过一个平安愉快的劳动节!谢谢大家!
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对于英语初学者来说,简单一点的英语演讲稿会对口语提升有所帮助。那简单的英语演讲稿有哪些呢?读文网小编为大家整理了简单的英文演讲稿范文5篇,欢迎大家阅读。
Different people have various ambitions. Some want to be engineers or doctors in the future. Some want to be scientists or businessmen. Still some wish to be teachers or lawers when they grow up in the days to come.
Unlike other people, I prefer to be a farmer. However, it is not easy to be a farmer for Iwill be looked upon by others. Anyway,what I am trying to do is to make great contributions to agriculture. It is well known that farming is the basic of the country. Above all, farming is not only a challenge but also a good opportunity for the young. We can also make a big profit by growing vegetables and food in a scientific way. Besides we can apply what we have learned in school to farming. Thus our countryside will become more and more properous.
I believe that any man with knowledge can do whatever they can so long as this job can meet his or her interest. All the working position can provide him with a good chance to become a talent.
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自我介绍是社会交往中常见的礼仪活动之一,职场中的中文版自我介绍大家都很熟知,但是英文版的自我介绍该如何开口呢?下面是读文网小编为大家整理的考研复试亚英文自我介绍演讲稿6篇,仅供参考。
respected Professors:
Good afternoon! I'm great honored to meet you here.Now allow me to give a brief self-introduction:
I'm *******,26 years old , born in ***** city ,HeNan Province.In year 1996,I entered ********University, majoring in Machincal Designing and Producing. During those 4 years'study,I worked hard and I was always active in various activities . I gained the first scholarship for four times and I joined the Communist Party at the college.After my graduation in June 2000,I worked in ——company.I got a position in the Technology Department the first year and I was involved in several internet projects, such as the one for College student Recruitment in Henan Province and the one for Computer Center in Mathmatics Department in Zhengzhou University. Owning to my hard work ,I was rewarded the Best Newcomer Prize in the year 2000. The next year, I was transferred into the Principal Customer Department, responsible for the Developing and strengthening a good relationship between the principal customers and my company .Two major customers, Henan Provincipal Department of Transportation and Henan Provincial Department of Personnel, are under my work. However,with time going on ,the more I experienced, the clearer I realized that I'm really interested in the Enterprise Management .I find many enterprises have the problem of an unmatched management to its developing speed . I'm eager to learn more about management and I hope I can study further in this University. So I resigned in August , 2003 and started the way to pursuing my studies. After about half year's hard work, I'm finally standing before you honorable professors now. I'm really excited . Though I've sacrificed much on my way to pusuing studies, I believe it's worthwhile. I believe working hard will finally be repaied .Thank you !
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一段短短的自我介绍,其实是为了更深入的面谈而设计的。如何介绍更具新意?下面是读文网小编为大家整理的1分钟英文自我介绍演讲稿,仅供参考。
My name is ________. I am graduatefrom ________ seniorhigh school and major in ________. There are ________ people in my family. My father works in a computer company. And my mother is a housewife. I am the youngest one in my family.
In my spare time, I like to read novels. I think reading could enlargemy knowledge. As for novels, I could imagine whatever I like such as a well-known scientist or a kung-fu master. In addition to reading, I also like to play PC games. A lot of grownups think playing PC games hinders the students from learning. But I think PC games could motivate me to learn something such as English or Japanese.My favorite course is English because I think it is interesting to say one thing via different sounds. I wish my English could be improved in the next four years and be able to speak fluent English in the future.
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TED,是美国的一家私有非盈利机构,该机构以它组织的TED大会著称,而TED演讲集涉及范围广泛,主要有科技、娱乐、设计、商业以及科学。TED英文演讲稿有哪些?读文网小编为大家整理了TED英文演讲稿3篇,欢迎大家阅读。
On what we think we know?
我们以为自己知道的
I'm going to try and explain why it is that perhaps we don't understand as much as we think we do. I'd like to begin with four questions. This is not some sort of cultural thing for the time of year. That's an in-joke, by the way.
我会试着解释为何 我们知道的东西很可能并没有我们自以为知道的多 我想从四个问题开始,不是那种今年流行的文化问题 对了,刚刚那句是个圈内笑话
But these four questions, actually, are ones that people who even know quite a lot about science find quite hard. And they're questions that I've asked of science television producers, of audiences of science educators -- so that's science teachers -- and also of seven-year-olds, and I find that the seven-year-olds do marginally better than the other audiences, which is somewhat surprising.
不过这四个问题,事实上 即使是很懂科学的人也会觉得很难应答 我拿这些问题去问科学节目制片人 问那些有科学教育背景的观众 也问教科学的老师还有七岁孩童 我发现七岁孩童答得比其他人好 这是有些令人惊讶
So the first question, and you might want to write this down, either on a bit of paper, physically, or a virtual piece of paper in your head. And, for viewers at home, you can try this as well.
第一个问题,我建议你把问题记下来 抄在纸上,或想像中的纸上 坐在电脑前的你也可以试著作答.
A little seed weighs next to nothing and a tree weighs a lot, right? I think we agree on that. Where does the tree get the stuff that makes up this chair, right? Where does all this stuff come from?
种籽很轻,而大树很重,是吗?我想我们都同意吧,大树用来制成椅子的东西是从哪来的? 对吧?这些东西都是怎么来的?
(Knocks)
(敲椅声)
And your next question is, can you light a little torch-bulb with a battery, a bulb and one piece of wire? And would you be able to, kind of, draw a -- you don't have to draw the diagram, but would you be able to draw the diagram, if you had to do it? Or would you just say, that's actually not possible?
问题二,你能否点亮一个小灯泡 只用1个电池、1个灯泡、和1条电线? 那你能画出上述问题的图解吗?不用真的画 但如果需要的话, 你能画出来吗? 还是你会说 这个不可能?
The third question is, why is it hotter in summer than in winter? I think we can probably agree that it is hotter in summer than in winter, but why? And finally, would you be able to -- and you can sort of scribble it, if you like -- scribble a plan diagram of the solar system, showing the shape of the planets' orbits? Would you be able to do that? And if you can, just scribble a pattern.
第三个问题,为什么夏天比冬天热? 大家应该都同意夏天比冬天还热 但为何如此?最后,你能不能 简单的勾勒出 太阳系的平面图... 呈现出行星轨道运行的形状 你可以画得出来吗? 你画得出来的话,就把形状画出来
OK. Now, children get their ideas not from teachers, as teachers often think, but actually from common sense, from experience of the world around them, from all the things that go on between them and their peers, and their carers, and their parents, and all of that. Experience. And one of the great experts in this field, of course, was, bless him, Cardinal Wolsey. Be very careful what you get into people's heads because it's virtually impossible to shift it afterwards, right?
好,孩童对事物的概念不是老师教的 老师时常这么以为,但实际上概念来自于常理 来自于孩童对周遭世界的体验 来自于他们跟同伴彼此交流 还有跟保姆、父母亲、所有人交流的经验 这个领域中的一个专家,对了,愿他安息 就是渥西主教,他说要你将东西放进其他人的闹袋里的时候要小心 因为那些东西几乎不会再改变,对吧?
(Laughter)
(笑声)
I'm not quite sure how he died, actually. Was he beheaded in the end, or hung?
我不太清楚他的死因,真的 他最后上了断头台?还是被吊死?
(Laughter)
(笑声)
#p#副标题#e#
Now, those questions, which, of course, you've got right, and you haven't been conferring, and so on. And I -- you know, normally, I would pick people out and humiliate, but maybe not in this instance.
现在回到那四个问题,大家都知道是什么问题了 你们彼此之间也没有讨论答案 我平时习惯点人站起来回答让他丢脸 不过这次就不点了
A little seed weighs a lot and, basically, all this stuff, 99 percent of this stuff, came out of the air. Now, I guarantee that about 85 percent of you, or maybe it's fewer at TED, will have said it comes out of the ground. And some people, probably two of you, will come up and argue with me afterwards, and say that actually, it comes out of the ground. Now, if that was true, we'd have trucks going round the country, filling people's gardens in with soil, it'd be a fantastic business. But, actually, we don't do that. The mass of this comes out of the air. Now, I passed all my biology exams in Britain. I passed them really well, but I still came out of school thinking that that stuff came out of the ground.
种籽可以很重,基本上所有的这些 99%都来自于空气 我相信有85%的人,或许在你们TED会比较少 会说木材来自于大地,而有些人 也许你们中的一两位, 可能结束后会来找我争论 说木材其实是来自于大地 若是如此,那我们就会有让卡车跑来跑去 把人们的花园都填上土,那会是很棒的生意。 不过实际上我们不会那么做 因为木材的材料大部分其实是从空气中来的 我在英国念书时考生物每考必过 我的成绩很好,但毕业后 还是以为木材来自于大地
Second one: can you light a little torch-bulb with a battery bulb and one piece of wire? Yes, you can, and I'll show you in a second how to do that. Now, I have some rather bad news, which is that I had a piece of video that I was about to show you, which unfortunately -- the sound doesn't work in this room, so I'm going to describe to you, in true "Monty Python" fashion, what happens in the video. And in the video, a group of researchers go to MIT on graduation day. We chose MIT because, obviously, that's a very long way away from here, and you wouldn't mind too much, but it sort of works the same way in Britain and in the West Coast of the USA. And we asked them these questions, and we asked those questions of science graduates, and they couldn't answer them. And so, there's a whole lot of people saying, "I'd be very surprised if you told me that this came out of the air. That's very surprising to me." And those are science graduates. And we intercut it with, "We are the premier science university in the world," because of British-like hubris.
你能用一枚电池和一根电线点亮灯泡吗? 是,你可以,我会示范怎么做。 不过,现在有个坏消息 本来有个影片要给大家看 可惜在这边声音放不出来 所以我就口头描述一下的,用巨蟒剧团的表演方式, 影片内容是这样的,在影片里有一群研究员 在毕业典礼那天去麻省理工学院 为什么是麻省理工呢?因为它离这里很远 大家也就不会太介意 不过场景设在英国结果也差不多 或是设在美国西岸 我们问了麻省理工的毕业生这四个问题 这些理工科毕业生也答不出来 而且还有很多学生表示 “我很惊讶你说木材是从空气中来的 ”这真的让我很吃惊“,那些理工的毕业生这么说 我们用”我们是全球第一的理工大学“来作影片的结尾。 因为英国人很傲慢
(Laughter)
(笑声)
And when we gave graduate engineers that question, they said it couldn't be done. And when we gave them a battery, and a piece of wire, and a bulb, and said, "Can you do it?" They couldn't do it. Right? And that's no different from Imperial College in London, by the way, it's not some sort of anti-American thing going on.
我们拿第二个问题去问硕士毕业的工程师们 他们说这不可能做得到 我们拿了电池、电线、和灯泡 问他们”你能做到吗?“,他们没办法,是吧? 顺道一提,伦敦的帝国学院的情况估计也差不多如此 我们不是在做什么反美的事
As if. Now, the reason this matters is we pay lots and lots of money for teaching people -- we might as well get it right. And there are also some societal reasons why we might want people to understand what it is that's happening in photosynthesis. For example, one half of the carbon equation is how much we emit, and the other half of the carbon equation, as I'm very conscious as a trustee of Kew, is how much things soak up, and they soak up carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
虽然听来颇像。问题的关键是我们花了很多钱 来教育大众,我们应该正确地来做这件事。 其中也有一些社会因素 让我们想使大众了解光合作用如何运作 例如,有一半的碳储量是人类排放的 而另一半碳储量 我相当关切,身为皇家植物园的受托管理人
That's what plants actually do for a living. And, for any Finnish people in the audience, this is a Finnish pun: we are, both literally and metaphorically, skating on thin ice if we don't understand that kind of thing.Now, here's how you do the battery and the bulb. It's so easy, isn't it? Of course, you all knew that. But if you haven't played with a battery and a bulb, if you've only seen a circuit diagram, you might not be able to do that, and that's one of the problems.
是植物吸收多少二氧化碳 植物就是以此维生的 如果在场有芬兰人,这是芬兰话的双关语 我们无论在实际上或隐喻上,都是如履薄冰 要是我们不明白那些事 电池和灯泡只要这要做就行 很简单,不是吗?你们都懂了 但要是你没有亲手碰过电池和灯泡 如果你只看过电路图 你可能就做不出来,这是个麻烦
So, why is it hotter in summer than in winter? We learn, as children, that you get closer to something that's hot, and it burns you. It's a very powerful bit of learning, and it happens pretty early on. By extension, we think to ourselves, "Why it's hotter in summer than in winter must be because we're closer to the Sun." I promise you that most of you will have got that. Oh, you're all shaking your heads, but only a few of you are shaking your heads very firmly.
那么,为何夏天比冬天热? 我们从小就知道,离热的东西太近 你就被烫到,这真很有效的教育方法 很小的时候大家就学到了 延伸这个论点,我们觉得夏天比冬天热 一定是因为我们离太阳比较近 我相信大多人都懂了 哦,大家都在摇头 不过只有几个人摇得很坚定
Other ones are kind of going like this. All right. It's hotter in summer than in winter because the rays from the Sun are spread out more, right, because of the tilt of the Earth. And if you think the tilt is tilting us closer, no, it isn't. The Sun is 93 million miles away, and we're tilting like this, right? It makes no odds. In fact, in the Northern Hemisphere, we're further from the Sun in summer, as it happens, but it makes no odds, the difference.
其他人只是这样子摇而已,好吧 夏天比冬天热是因为太阳的辐射线 传播得比较多,地球倾斜的关系 如果你以为是朝太阳的方向倾斜,那就错了 太阳离地球1亿5千万公里,地球倾斜角度大略如此 倾斜不是差别所在,在北半球 夏天时我们离太阳更远 跟倾斜没有关系
OK, now, the scribble of the diagram of the solar system. If you believe, as most of you probably do, that it's hotter in summer than in winter because we're closer to the Sun, you must have drawn an ellipse. Right? That would explain it, right? Except, in your -- you're nodding -- now, in your ellipse, have you thought, "Well, what happens during the night?"
好,问题四是画出太阳系的平面图 如果大家相信,大多数可能都相信 夏天比冬天热是因为地球离太阳较近 大家应该都画了椭圆形 对吧?这就能解释了吧? 除非,你点头了,你画了个椭圆形 你有想过,「夜晚又是怎么回事」?
Between Australia and here, right, they've got summer and we've got winter, and what -- does the Earth kind of rush towards the Sun at night, and then rush back again? I mean, it's a very strange thing going on, and we hold these two models in our head, of what's right and what isn't right, and we do that, as human beings, in all sorts of fields.
澳洲和美国这边,澳洲是夏天 这边是冬天,难道说 地球在晚上会冲向太阳 然后再冲回来?这实在很奇怪 我们脑中有两种思考模式,对的和错的 身为人类,我们在很多领域都这样思考
So, here's Copernicus' view of what the solar system looked like as a plan. That's pretty much what you should have on your piece of paper. Right? And this is NASA's view. They're stunningly similar. I hope you notice the coincidence here.
左边是哥白尼画的太阳系平面图 跟你们纸上画的差不多,对吧 右边是NASA的版本,两张图非常相似 我希望大家注意其中的巧合 要是你知道人们有错误观念
What would you do if you knew that people had this misconception, right, in their heads, of elliptical orbits caused by our experiences as children? What sort of diagram would you show them of the solar system, to show that it's not really like that? You'd show them something like this, wouldn't you? It's a plan, looking down from above. But, no, look what I found in the textbooks. That's what you show people, right?
你会怎么做 在他们脑中,楕圆形的轨道 是他们儿时经验教的吗? 你会给他们看什么样的太阳系示意图? 证明太阳系不是他们想的那样 你会给他们看这种图吗? 这是俯瞰的平面图 可是并非如此,瞧瞧我在教科书里找到的 你会给他们看这种图对吧?
These are from textbooks, from websites, educational websites -- and almost anything you pick up is like that. And the reason it's like that is because it's dead boring to have a load of concentric circles, whereas that's much more exciting, to look at something at that angle, isn't it? Right?
出自教科书 出自教育网站 你找得到的几乎都是这种图 会以这种视角呈现是因为 只有一堆同心圆太死板无趣 从这种视角看太阳系比较新鲜刺激 不是吗?
And by doing it at that angle, if you've got that misconception in your head, then that two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional thing will be ellipses. So you've -- it's crap, isn't it really? As we say.
因为弄成这种视角 如果你脑中有了这种误解 用二度空间来呈现三度空间就会变成椭圆形 这真是糟糕,可不是吗?
So, these mental models -- we look for evidence that reinforces our models. We do this, of course, with matters of race, and politics, and everything else, and we do it in science as well. So we look, just look -- and scientists do it, constantly -- we look for evidence that reinforces our models, and some folks are just all too able and willing to provide the evidence that reinforces the models.
因此,我们寻求证据来增强我们的心智模式 我们用这种方式处理种族、政治、所有事 当然也用这种方式处理科学,我们只观看 是科学家在这么做,我们不断寻求证据 来增强我们的心智模式,有些人很有办法 也乐意提供证据来增强那些模式
So, being I'm in the United States, I'll have a dig at the Europeans. These are examples of what I would say is bad practice in science teaching centers.
所以我现在人在美国,就会说欧洲人的坏话 这些图片都是我认为不良的科学教育
These pictures are from La Villette in France and the welcome wing of the Science Museum in London. And, if you look at the, kind of the way these things are constructed, there's a lot of mediation by glass, and it's very blue, and kind of professional -- in that way that, you know, Woody Allen comes up from under the sheets in that scene in "Annie Hall," and said, "God, that's so professional." And that you don't -- there's no passion in it, and it's not hands on, right, and, you know, pun intended.
类似教学中心,这些图取自法国维叶特科博馆 以及伦敦科博馆的迎宾翼展示区 你看看这些东西建成的模样 有很多玻璃隔板,蓝光色调,弄得很专业似的 那种方式,就像是伍迪艾伦从床单里冒出来 在《安妮霍尔》戏中的那一幕 他说“老天,这真是太专业了” 这其中没有热情,没有动手参与,是吗 这是个双关,不过也有好的教学方法
Whereas good interpretation -- I'll use an example from nearby -- is San Francisco Exploratorium, where all the things that -- the demonstrations, and so on, are made out of everyday objects that children can understand, it's very hands-on, and they can engage with, and experiment with. And I know that if the graduates at MIT and in the Imperial College in London had had the battery and the wire and the bit of stuff, and you know, been able to do it, they would have learned how it actually works, rather than thinking that they follow circuit diagrams and can't do it. So good interpretation is more about things that are bodged and stuffed and of my world, right? And things that -- where there isn't an extra barrier of a piece of glass or machined titanium, and it all looks fantastic, OK?
我举一个例子,离这里很近,旧金山探索馆 在那里所有的东西,展示品之类的 都是用孩子能懂的日常用品做成的 都可以动手玩,孩子们可以专心玩好好体验 我知道麻省理工毕业生 以及伦敦帝国学院毕业生 手上有电池电线点亮灯泡的话 他们会明白其中的原理 而不是觉得他们照着电路图来做是做不到的 好的教学方法不是 沉溺陶醉在自己世界里对吧? 那些东西也不该被隔着 用玻璃或是钛制品隔开 看起来很漂亮就好,好吗?
And the Exploratorium does that really, really well. And it's amateur, but amateur in the best sense, in other words, the root of the word being of love and passion.
旧金山探索馆在这点做得非常好 看上去很业余,但业余得很对头 也就是说,根本的出发点是出自爱和热情
So, children are not empty vessels, OK?So, as "Monty Python" would have it, this is a bit Lord Privy Seal to say so, but this is -- children are not empty vessels.
所以,孩童不是空瓶子 用“巨蟒剧团”的说法 就是有点像英国掌玺大臣会说的 意思是说孩童不是空无一物的瓶子
They come with their own ideas and their own theories, and unless you work with those, then you won't be able to shift them, right?
他们生来就有自己的想法和理念 如果你没从这些地方着手,就改变不了他们 对吧?
And I probably haven't shifted your ideas of how the world and universe operates, either. But this applies, equally, to matters of trying to sell new technology.
我大概没有改变大家的想法 对于世界和宇宙到底如何运作 不过这些道理同样可以用在推销新科技上也
For example, we are, in Britain, we're trying to do a digital switchover of the whole population into digital technology [for television].
例如,在英国,我们试着把全部的电视 都换成新科技的数位电视
And it's one of the difficult things is that when people have preconceptions of how it all works, it's quite difficult to shift those.
有个难题是 人们对事物运作的方式一旦有了成见 就很难去改变
So we're not empty vessels; the mental models that we have as children persist into adulthood. Poor teaching actually does more harm than good.
我们不是空瓶子,我们保有心智模式 从幼年到成年一直都存在 不良的教学是弊多于利
In this country and in Britain, magnetism is understood better by children before they've been to school than afterwards, OK? Same for gravity, two concepts, so it's -- which is quite humbling, as a, you know, if you're a teacher, and you look before and after, that's quite worrying. They do worse in tests afterwards, after the teaching.
在美国和英国,在磁力知识上 孩童在就学前学得比较好 重力知识也一样,两个不同概念,这实在可悲 如果你是个老师,看见受教前和受教后的差别 实在令人忧心,学童在受教后考得更差
And we collude. We design tests, or at least in Britain, so that people pass them. Right? And governments do very well. They pat themselves on the back. OK?
我们都是共犯,我们设计测验方式 至少在英国是这样,好让人们能通过考试 政府也帮了不少忙,他们推波助澜 懂吗?
We collude, and actually if you -- if someone had designed a test for me when I was doing my biology exams, to really understand, to see whether I'd understood more than just kind of putting starch and iodine together and seeing it go blue, and really understood that plants took their mass out of the air, then I might have done better at science. So the most important thing is to get people to articulate their models.
我们都是共犯 如果有人替我设计测验 在我要考生物的时候 让我能真正明白,明白我是否真的懂了 不是只在淀粉中加入碘液 看着反应呈现蓝色 而且能真正明白植物是从空气中茁壮的 我的科学可能就会学得比较好 所以,最重要的是要让人们能表述清楚他们的模型
Your homework is -- you know, how does an aircraft's wing create lift? An obvious question, and you'll have an answer now in your heads. And the second question to that then is, ensure you've explained how it is that planes can fly upside down. Ah ha, right.
回家作业是,机翼是怎样帮助飞机起飞的? 这问题很好懂,大家心中也有答案了 注意事项是 你要确保自己能解释为何飞机头向下的时候也能飞, 对吧
Second question is, why is the sea blue? All right? And you've all got an idea in your head of the answer. So, why is it blue on cloudy days? Ah, see.
问题二,海为何是蓝色的? 大家心中应该都有答案了 那么,为什么阴天时海还是蓝的?看吧 (笑声) 我一直想在美国讲这句话
(Laughter)
(笑声)
I've always wanted to say that in this country. (Laughter) Finally, my plea to you is to allow yourselves, and your children, and anyone you know, to kind of fiddle with stuff, because it's by fiddling with things that you, you know, you complement your other learning. It's not a replacement, it's just part of learning that's important. Thank you very much. Now -- oh, oh yeah, go on then, go on.
最后,我希望大家能让自己,还有孩子 以及任何你认识的人,去动手接触事物 因为亲自接触了事物,你知道的 你就补足了其他方面的学习不足,这不是替换 这只是学习中很重要的一部分 谢谢大家 那么,噢,没关系,继续吧
(Applause)
(鼓掌)
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